Ozone and (ultra)fine particles

 Ozone and (ultra)fine particles are the most widespread, and among the most dangerous pollutants. Air pollution can cause stroke, asthma and heart attacks, so why is it still getting worse ?

Ultrafine particles (UFP) enter the body through the lungs and disperse to other organs, leading to more inflammation and posing risks to the cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological systems, which can cause major damage to human health.
Asthma in children is linked to UFP exposure in the womb.
 https://t.me/smog_refugees_chat/5693

https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/asthma-in-children-linked-to-pollution-exposure-in-the-womb/

https://gaspgroup.org/in-utero-exposure-to-ultrafine-particles-connected-to-childhood-asthma/

https://www.healthline.com/health-news/air-pollution-can-cause-heart-attacks-stroke-and-asthma-attacks-why-is-it-getting-worse-in-us

https://www.lung.org/research/sota/health-risks

2001 : UFP in urban air and respiratory health among adult asthmatics.

2004 : UFP deposition in subjects with asthma. 2005 : Effects of exposure to carbon UFP in healthy subjects and subjects with asthma.

2006 : Inhalation of black carbon UFP triggers biphasic pro-inflammatory response in the mouse lung.

2007 : Indoor UFP and childhood asthma : Exploring a potential public health concern. 2009 : Expert elicitation on ultrafine particles: Likelihood of health effects and causal pathways.

2010 : Ambient UFP provide a strong adjuvant effect in the secondary immune response : Implication for traffic-related asthma flares.

2014 : Effects of UFP on the allergic inflammation in the lung of asthmatics. Increased UFP and carbon monoxide concentrations are associated with asthma exacerbation among urban children. 2015 : Respiratory health effects of UFP in children.

https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article/87/2/409/1730779


https://particleandfibretoxicology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12989-014-0039-3

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/17/3/428

https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract_id/10150

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4714792/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1743-8977-6-19

https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.6851

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/28/2/275

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17391231/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24528997/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28321937/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30156156/

2016 : Pulmonary diseases induced by ambient ultrafine and engineered nanoparticles in twenty-first century. 2017 : UFP and black carbon personal exposures in asthmatic and non-asthmatic children at school age. Long-term exposure to ambient UFP and respiratory disease incidence in in Toronto, Canada.

2018 : Spatiotemporal variations in ambient UFP and the incidence of childhood asthma. 2019 : Influence of UFP exposure on asthma exacerbation in children. 2020 : The health effects of UFP. Mechanisms of ultrafine particle-induced respiratory health effects. The impact of bacteria-derived UFP dust on pulmonary diseases. The impact of air pollution on intestinal microbiome of asthmatic children. Prenatal ambient UFP exposure and childhood asthma in the Northeastern United States. 2021 : In utero exposure to UFP from air pollution is connected to childhood asthma.

2022 : In utero UFP exposure yields sex- and dose-specific responses to neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection.

https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.201810-1976OC

https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/rccm.202010-3743OC

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/05/210521094504.htm

https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-017-0276-7

https://academic.oup.com/nsr/article/3/4/416/2615244

https://www.nature.com/articles/s12276-020-0394-0/

https://www.nature.com/articles/s12276-019-0367-3

https://www.nature.com/articles/s12276-020-0403-3

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.2c02786

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33204702/